Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 4

Strategic management - Essay Example Henry Ford founded the company with many innovations introduced to the ways products were manufactured. One of these is the best-known model T of mass production, the moving assembly line – which is actually composed of conveyor belts – where time of work was reduced (Goh & Garg, 2008, p. 57). Ford revolutionized the car industry, paid higher wages to factory workers, and made cars affordable to anyone. (Purvis, 1997) Ford became a multinational corporation in 1970 but was predominantly operating in North America with subsidiaries in major markets in countries like Britain, Germany or Australia. These subsidiaries however have their own manufacturing plants. In Britain, the most popular Ford in the Cortina. With intense globalisation, the Ford organisation started to restructure internationally. In Europe, Ford was consolidated with further product development and designs which were originally European. Ford manufactured cars of different designs. (Grant, 2005, p. 440) In the UK, Ford is the biggest in the automobile industry with over 550 dealers across the United Kingdom and employing about 35,000 people. In its website, it says that it currently sells 440,000 vehicles annually, with Ford Focus as the car most Britons love. (Ford Motor Company, 2010) In the United States, Ford is now best known for its cars, trucks, crossovers and SUVs (Ford, 2010). In 2008, Ford was adjudged by Standard and Poor’s as the world’s second largest motor vehicle manufacturer, producing cars and trucks, including plastic and glass parts of the cars they make, and including replacement parts. Ford has a 33% stake in Mazda Motor Corp. Financial services include Ford Motor Credit (automotive financing and insurance) and American Road Insurance. Ford has a big share in the world market. It has ventured in many countries, trying to feel its presence even in China, which is the fastest growing market in the automobile

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Overview of Cryptography and Encryption Techniques

Overview of Cryptography and Encryption Techniques What is cryptography Cryptography is the discipline of cryptography and cryptanalysis and of their interaction. The word â€Å"cryptography† is derived from the Greek words â€Å"Kryptos† means concealed, and â€Å"graphien† means to inscribe. It is the science of keeping secrets secret. One objective of cryptography is protecting a secret from adversaries. Professional cryptography protects not only the plain text, but also the key and more generally tries to protect the whole cryptosystem. Cryptographic primitives can be classified into two classes: keyed primitives and non-keyed primitives as in the figure. The fundamental and classical task of cryptography is to provide confidentiality by encryption methods. Encryption (also called enciphering) is the process of scrambling the contents of a message or file to make it unintelligible to anyone not in possession of key â€Å"key† required to unscramble the file or message. Providing confidentiality is not the only objective o f cryptography. Cryptography is also used to provide solutions for other problems: Data integrity, Authentication, Non-repudiation. Encryption methods can be divided into two categories: substitution ciphers and transposition ciphers. In a substitution cipher the letters of plaintext are replaced by other letters or by symbols or numbers. Replacing plaintext bit pattern with cipher text bit patterns is involved in substitution when plaintext is viewed as a sequence of bits. Substitution ciphers preserve the order of plaintext symbols but disguise them. Transposition ciphers, do not disguise the letters, instead they reorder them. This is achieved by performing some sort of permutation on the plaintext letters. There are two type of encryption :symmetric(private/secert) encryption key and asymmetric(public) key encryption. Conventional encryption model A conventional encryption model can be illustrated as assigning Xp to represent the plaintext message to be transmitted by the originator. The parties involved select an encryption algorithm represented by E. the parties agree upon the secret key represented by K. the secret key is distributed in a secure manner represented by SC. Conventional encryption’s effectiveness rests on keeping the secret. Keeping the key secret rests in a large on key distribution methods. When E process Xp and K, Xc is derived. Xc represents the cipher text output, which will be decrypted by the recipient. Upon receipt of Xc, the recipient uses a decryption algorithm represented by D to process Xc and K back to Xp. This is represented in the figure. In conventional encryption, secrecy of the encryption and decryption algorithm is not needed. In fact, the use of an established well known and tested algorithm is desirable over an obscure implementation. This brings us to the topic of key distribution. Cryptanalysis Code making involves the creation of encryption products that provide protection of confidentiality. Defeating this protection by some men’s other than the standard decryption process used by an intended recipient is involved in code breaking. Five scenarios for which code breaking is used. They are selling cracking product and services, spying on opponents, ensure accessibility, pursuing the intellectual aspects of code breaking and testing whether one’s codes are strong enough. Cryptanalysis is the process of attempting to identify either the plaintext Xp or the key K. discovery of the encryption is the most desired one as with its discovery all the subsequent messages can be deciphered. Therefore, the length of encryption key, and the volume of the computational work necessary provides for its length i.e. resistance to breakage. The protection get stronger when key size increases but this requires more brute force. Neither encryption scheme conventional encryption no r public key encryption is more resistant to cryptanalysis than the other. Cryptographic goals However, there are other natural cryptographic problems to be solved and they can be equally if not important depending on who is attacking you and what you are trying to secure against attackers. Privacy, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation are the cryptographic goals covered in this text. These three concepts form what is often referred to as the CIA triad? The three notations represents the basic security objectives for both data and for information and computing services. FIPS PUB 199 provides a useful characterization of these objectives in terms of requirements and the definition of a loss of security in each category: Confidentiality: Preserving authorized restrictions on information access and disclosure, together with means for shielding personal secrecy and copyrighted material. A damage of privacy is the illegal disclosure of information. Integrity: Guarding against improper information modification or destruction, and includes ensuring information non-repudiation and authenticity. A loss of integrity is the unauthorized modification of information. Availability: Ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information. A loss of availability is the disruption of access to an information system. Although the use of the CIA tried to define security objectives is well established, some in the security field feel that additional concepts are needed to present a complete picture. Two of the most commonly mentioned are: Authenticity: The property of being genuine and being able to be verified and trusted; confidence in the validity of a transmission, a message, or message originator. Accountability: The security goal that generates the requirement for actions of an entity to be traced uniquely to that entity. Generally there are two types key present 1 Symmetric-key 2 Asymmetric-key Symmetric key encryption The universal technique for providing confidentiality for transmitted data is symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption is also known as conventional encryption or single-key encryption was the only type of encryption in use prior to the introduction of public-key encryption. Countless individuals and groups, from Julius Caesar to the German U-boat force to present-day diplomatic, military and commercial users, use symmetric encryption for secret communication. It remains by far the more widely used of the types of encryption. A symmetric encryption scheme has five ingredients as follows- Plaintext: This is the original data or message that is fed into the algorithm as input. Encryption algorithm: the encryption algorithm performs various transformations and substitutions on the plaintext. Secret key: The secret key is input to the encryption algorithm. The exact transformations and substitutions performed by the algorithm depend on the key. Ciphertext: This is the scrambled message produced as output. It depends on the plaintext and the secret key. For a given message, two different keys will produce two different ciphertexts. Decryption algorithm: This is reserve process of encryption algorithm. It takes the ciphertext and secret key and produces the original plaintext. Symmetric key encryption is shown in fig. There are two necessities for protected use of symmetric encryption: We need a strong encryption algorithm. Sender and receiver must have secured obtained, keep secure, the secret key. Stream Ciphers The stream ciphers encrypt data by generating a key stream from the key and performing the encryption operation on the key stream with the plaintext data. The key stream can be any size that matches the size of the plaintext stream to be encrypted. The ith key stream digit only depends on the secret key and on the (i-1) previous plaintext digits. Then, the i ­th ciphertext digit is obtained by combining the ith plaintext digit with the ith key stream digit. One desirable property of a stream cipher is that the ciphertext be of the same length as the plaintext. Thus, a ciphertext output of 8 bits should be produced by encrypting each character, if 8-bit characters are being transmitted. Transmission capacity is wasted, if more than 8 bits are produced. However, stream ciphers are vulnerable to attack if the same key is used twice ormore. Block Ciphers A block ciphers fragments the message into blocks of a predetermined size and performs the encryption function on each block with the key stream generated by cipher algorithm. Size of each block should be fixed, and leftover message fragments are padded to the appropriate block size. Block ciphers differ from stream ciphers in that they encrypted and decrypted information in fixed size blocks rather than encrypting and decrypting each letters or word individually. A block ciphers passes a block of data or plaintext through its algorithm to generate a block of ciphertext. Asymmetric Key Cryptosystems In Asymmetric Key Cryptosystems two different keys are used: a secret key and a public key. The secret key is kept undisclosed by the proprietor and public key is openly known. The system is called â€Å"asymmetric† since the different keys are used for encryption and decryption, the public key and private key. If data is encrypted with a public key, it can be decrypted only by using the corresponding private key. Public Key Encryption shown in fig. Classical encryption techniques The technique enables us to illustrate the basic approaches to conventional encryption today. The two basic components of classical ciphers are transposition and substitution. Combination of both substitution and transposition is described in others systems. Substitution techniques In this technique letters of plaintext message are placed by symbols and numbers. If plaintext is in the form of a sequences of bits, then substituting plaintext bit patterns with ciphertext bit patterns. Transposition techniques Transposition instantly moves the position around within it but does not alter any of the bits in the plaintext. If the resultant ciphertext is then put through more transpositions, the end result has increasing security.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Tragic heros :: essays research papers

TRAGIC HEROS â€Å"A tragic hero is a character who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice and depravity, but by some error or frailty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is a quote by Aristotle. This quote means a tragic hero isn’t well known for being fair, but isn’t brought down by being bad and unfair, they are brought down by their own flaws. This is true because some tragic hero’s aren’t fair at all but don’t get punished for it. They get punished by their own flaws. Two examples of these tragic heroes’s come from â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles, and also â€Å" The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare. A tragic hero from â€Å"Antigone† is Creon. Creon is very stubborn. Creon says it will be illegal to bury Polynices. Antigone, Polynices’ sister, buries him. Creon, the king, punishes Antigone because what Polynices did was not right and he didn’t deserve to be buried. Antigone was confined to a tomb, in this tomb, she took her own life. Haimon, Creon’s son, didn’t like this because he was Antigone’s Cousin and fiancà ©e. Haimon killed himself. Eurydice, Creon’s wife, heard how it was Creon’s fault that their son is dead, so she killed herself. Now Creon is all alone. He ended up like this because of his stubborn attitude. He was to stubborn to bury Polynices, and it caused this chain of events, proving he is a tragic hero. Another tragic hero is Julius Caesar from â€Å"The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare. Julius Caesar is a tragic hero because he is stubborn, and thinks he is untouchable because he is so popular. Brutus, Julius’s close friend, was talked into stopping Julius Caesar from gaining absolute power. Cassius, the man who convinced Brutus to stop Caesar, was gathering more conspirators so they could assassinate Caesar. Julius Caesar’s wife gave him a warning about some bad happening, and so did the fortuneteller, and so did the people who sacrifice animals. Caesar didn’t listen and went to the Capitol with Brutus and the conspirators. Tragic heros :: essays research papers TRAGIC HEROS â€Å"A tragic hero is a character who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice and depravity, but by some error or frailty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is a quote by Aristotle. This quote means a tragic hero isn’t well known for being fair, but isn’t brought down by being bad and unfair, they are brought down by their own flaws. This is true because some tragic hero’s aren’t fair at all but don’t get punished for it. They get punished by their own flaws. Two examples of these tragic heroes’s come from â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles, and also â€Å" The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare. A tragic hero from â€Å"Antigone† is Creon. Creon is very stubborn. Creon says it will be illegal to bury Polynices. Antigone, Polynices’ sister, buries him. Creon, the king, punishes Antigone because what Polynices did was not right and he didn’t deserve to be buried. Antigone was confined to a tomb, in this tomb, she took her own life. Haimon, Creon’s son, didn’t like this because he was Antigone’s Cousin and fiancà ©e. Haimon killed himself. Eurydice, Creon’s wife, heard how it was Creon’s fault that their son is dead, so she killed herself. Now Creon is all alone. He ended up like this because of his stubborn attitude. He was to stubborn to bury Polynices, and it caused this chain of events, proving he is a tragic hero. Another tragic hero is Julius Caesar from â€Å"The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare. Julius Caesar is a tragic hero because he is stubborn, and thinks he is untouchable because he is so popular. Brutus, Julius’s close friend, was talked into stopping Julius Caesar from gaining absolute power. Cassius, the man who convinced Brutus to stop Caesar, was gathering more conspirators so they could assassinate Caesar. Julius Caesar’s wife gave him a warning about some bad happening, and so did the fortuneteller, and so did the people who sacrifice animals. Caesar didn’t listen and went to the Capitol with Brutus and the conspirators.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Research about smoking habit Essay

Smoking is associaated with an increased overall mortality. It was recognized early in the area of indutrilized cigaratte production and mass use. Smokers will often says that they are not addicted to cigarrate. They thinl of smoking habit , which they can control and contai and would be able to stop at any time. The definition of smoking is the way , the act of smoking tobacco or other subtances. According to history of smokers , tobacco or scientifically call necotine is a herbal plant .The herbal plant is about 1.8 meters high . it has big leaf about 30 centimeters . The reason why , smoking is addictive becouse of it contain nicotine , a subtances that given to monkeys ,rats, dogs will precipitate chemical dependency . Cigarrattes firsts produced by Julep Cigarattes , and marketed by the Julep Cigarattes Company of Boston and Hahira about 1935 , then later by Pen Tobacco Company and finally atound !958 By Brown and Williamson . A commercial cigarattes manufacturing plant was built in Harira, Georgia in 1962 . When the factory first opened , it manufactured ‘’ Osteen ‘’ cigarattes until the depression hit in 1929. After the few years , the factory closed and all cigarattes making equipment was removed . Smoking accounts for one out of every five death in Malaysia . It is the most important modifiable cause of premature death , responsible annually for an estimated 120 000 years of potential life lost. About 10 000 Malaysians die each year becouse of smoking ( Tobacca 2003 ). According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , there are about4.9 millions tobacco related deaths each year . This fegure makes tobacco use the leading cause of preentable death in the world . From 4.9 millions tobacco relateds death , 1.1 millions accur in the south east asia region , which is the largest producer of tobacco and tobacco products . The biggest increase in desease are in India . In the western Pacific Region, 62 percent of men and six percent of women smoking , leaving hte majority of non smokers exposed to second hand smoke ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ) . The biggest Increse in tobacco related disease are expected in China , where an estimated two to three millions death will accur by 2020 ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ). The Easten Madeteranian Region ( EMRO ) is not far from the current trends in China . Egypt has a rise in all tobacco related cancer including lung cancer which contributes over 90 percent of all death . Cigarretes smoking is a risk factor for stroke death . It is well known that cegirattes smoking is associated with an incresed risk of cardiovascular disease . manyepidemiological studies in Western populitions have identified smoking as an independent risk factor for stroke and this association has olso been found . However , epidemiological data regarding the relationship between smoking and stroke in Japanese people living in Japan remain inconclusive . In contrast , however , tobacco consumption in recent years been rising in developing contries including Malaysia . The prevalance of smoking among Malaysians adult aged 15 years and above had increased from 21 percent in 1985 to 31 percent in 2000 .Some 49 percent are all adult males and 5 percent of all adult females are now current smokers . 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT People are becoming much more sensetive to the smoking issues . In Malaysia , these are about 5 million smokers consuming an average of 14 cigarattes per day ( tobacco 2003 ) . Unfortunately , the number of hte smokers is too large. It will triple the next three decades from 10 000 million in 1998 to 30 000 millions by the year 2030. As long as smoking is seriously dificult habit to beak , very few smokers are able to succeed in their attemts to quit . Various contries have proven that healthcare proffesionals can play an active role in helping smokers to break free of their tobacco addiction through a properly arganized smoking cessation proframs. Otherwise , smoking also will affects the non smokers person who bestfirend with them . The porpose of this study is to understand smoking habit of UNISEL ( University Selangor ) . This study will help the decision maker to make  decision about smoking arounf the campus . the goeverment is undertaking serious ( anti-smoking campaign ) arounf Malaysia but the result is discouraging . This shows not everybody is concerned about their healthy lifestyle . The statistics revealed that about eight percent of the estimated 4.6 millions smokers in Malaysia were students . It is about 50 to 60 teenagers started smoking a day . According to article Jasudason 2005 , the goverment had allocated RM20 millions a year for the next year for the next ten years for the anti smoking campaigns to prove its commitment the curbs the smoking habits among Malaysians . 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This research is all about why the cigarette smoking is popular among the teenagers. The reseacher is aware that smoking is a major preventable cause of premature death . It does not only threaten young people’s currrent and future health but olso over the world a face the same problem nothing can change their perception . The objective of the research are :- 1. To find out why students involved in smoking at young age. 2. To understand what student think of smoking. 3. To know percentage of student who are involved in cigarattes smoking. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY An important reason for carry out this study is to provide an understanding on the impact of smoking . The significance of this research is to show how, why student are involved in smoking . This study will provide usefull information for policy makers of the university for taking steps to reduce incidents of smoing in campus. This olso will by understanding the habits , more effective anti smoking campaign should be planned and launched effectively . Besides , this analysis will provide usefull information that will help to overcome smoking habits in UNISEL student 1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study limited to the survey of students in the Diploma Business Management under Faculty Of Business in UNISEL only . This is because of financial limitation and time contraints. 1.6 THE TIMESCLASE OF THE RESEARCH Date Details 30/10/14 Literature Review Community surveys of the areas Design the questionnaires- Collection of official and unofficial statistic 1/11/14 1st session participant observation of the area 2/11/14 Field work Interview the smokers 10/11/14 Field work 2st session participant observation of the area 7/11/14 Analysis of the data obtained from the field work 8/11/14 Write the thesis 1.7 RESEARCH QUESTION 1. What is the percentage of student In Diploma Business Management in UNISEL Shah Alam who smoker? The percentage of students who smokers is %. 2. What is the ratio of smoker between male and female student? The ratio of the smoker between male and female students is and out of respondents. 3. What is the average number and cigarette that student smoke? According to table 1.1 shows the average number of student smoker per day is between 5 – 15 sticks item How many cigarettes do you smoke per day Total Less than 5 sticks 5 – 10 sticks 10 – 15 sticks 15 – 20 sticks More than 20 sticks Are you smoker yes count % of Total 100 % 4. The amount of money spends on smoking every month. The amount of money they have spend on smoking cigarettes every month is RM for each person. Referring to the spending money of the week, the respondents usually spend about less than RM . 5. Of those smoke, what is the percentage of student who tried to stop  smoking? The percentage of students who tried to stop smoking is about % of them. CHAPTER 2  LITERATURE REVIEW The process of developing the competencies began with a literature review of other smoking cessation workforce competencies. The review question was What documents are available that will help in the development of the core competencies required for people providing evidence-based treatment of tobacco dependence in New Zealand? The international cessation competencies accepted by the Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence (ATTUD) 9 in April 2005 were used as the starting point, with more recent and more specific literature then investigated to ensure competencies were measurable and relevant to New Zealand. A variety of databases were searched for this review, using the following search terms: â€Å"smoking cessation†, â€Å"workforce competency†, â€Å"clinical competence†, â€Å"professional competence†, â€Å"competency- based education†, and â€Å"competency†. The databases included: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, AMED, Psy cINFO, PubMed, EBM Reviews – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews – Database of Abstracts for Reviews of Effectiveness, EBM Reviews – ASP Journal Club, EBM Reviews – Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. A variety of other sources were searched for information, including the reference lists of all obtained articles, key websites, and by asking key informants for relevant documents. All studies that focussed on smoking cessation competencies were sought, irrespective of study design, type of participants, sample size, or outcome measures. Only English language publications were sought. The search was restricted to literature published from 2005 onwards, that is, after the international cessation competencies developed by ATTUD were approved. The final literature search was completed on 7 March 2007. A narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Competency development—A project team from the University of Auckland’s School of Population Health developed a draft set of smoking cessation competencies based on information obtained from: The 2007 New Zealand Smoking Cessation Guidelines;10 Consultation with an expert group comprising 14 people from throughout New  Zealand selected for their expertise in cessation service provision and/or training. Page 49 URL: http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1276/3114/ CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH OF METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction The research employs quantitative research methods in conducting the study. In data collection , formal questionaires are prepared and the question are asked in a arranged order. 3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The research intrument of this study is questionares . the survey instruments measures the level of impact in smoking habit whether is good for health or not good for health for the young age . 3.3 DATA COLLECTION The research used thesurvey instruments to collect data research data . The research focuses on the opinion , when , why , how they involved in smoking cigarrates . The data collection selected randomly in Faculty of Business of Diploma Business Management . This information will be gathered in the following ways. Interview: Semi-structured interview technique Existing framework from previous research Gather detailed general information including: age & gender Taken before observations. CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION After all data have been gathered and collected , it must be analyzed. This  process is called data analysis. As mentioned , 120 questionaires will be sent to respondent consist of 55 males and 65 females . 4.2 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS The analysis is based on the questionaires analysis is given to the respondents . The information in this part is divided in three parts as part A , Part B , part C 1. PART A : THE RESPONDENTS According to the study , there are eight question on students background 2. PART B : ABOUT HTE SMOKER This section shows the analysis of smoker who is involved in the cigarrates smoking and how much they spend in buying the cigarrates per week . 3. PART C : NON SMOKERS This section is mainly for the non smokers olso for a smoker who has stopped smoking and how they are motivated to keep away from smoking.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

History of Advertising

TRACE THE EVOLUTION AND GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATION WORLWIDE. FOCUS ON ITS OPERATION IN NIGERIA, EVALUATING ITS LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE IMPACT OF ITS PRACTISE ON CORPORATE SUCCESS. The History of Advertising Introduction â€Å"Advertising, a form of commercial mass communication designed to promote the sale of a product or service, or a message on behalf of an institution, organization, or candidate for political office. † In a primitive form, advertising has been around almost as long as Homo sapiens in a recognizably modern form. It has been around for almost 2500 years. Despite its venerable age it is still sprightly growing. Moreover there are good reasons to believe that its usefulness to consumer and therefore to economics, will keep on growing for another century or two at the very least. Even the dumbest futurologists would not try to predict further ahead than that, so I rest my case in advertising being a far larger and more important global industry in AD 2099 than in AD 1999 Advertising can be looked at from various perspectives. As the quote above states, its purpose is to increase the number of articles or products sold. These are not only things we can buy in different stores, for example clothing or supplies for our daily life, but also such simple things as a message placed by an institution or organization asking for attention of the public to raise money or to make them aware of a problem, such as anti-smoking ads. Even political parties use advertisements and commercials to state the opinion of their candidate. I think we have all experienced that quite extensively during the presidential campaign in the United States. Advertising became big business in the 20th  century, offering many different jobs in advertising agencies and the marketing section. The use of the media, like newspapers, television, direct mail, radio, magazines, outdoor signs and of course the Internet made this growth possible. It is a form of transporting information to the consumer, but which does not only have positive sides. There are many critical aspect about it, like persuading people to doing unhealthy things, like smoking, or producing special stereotypes everybody tries to follow. Nevertheless, advertising has become international, since producers and companies try to sell their products on a globalized market in almost every corner of the world. It is therefore not surprising to see a big sign for Coca Cola in third world countries. 19th and 20th Century Advertising In the 19th century new technologies were developed and brand-new methods invented. As a result a surplus of production was formed. Warehouses of many factories were overflowing. In this way it was necessary to create useful advertisements, which would cover all large spaces, utilizing a large variety of mass media sources. The first advertising agent who created such a network was Volney Palmer. In 1841 he proclaimed himself as an advertising agent in Philadelphia and then created similar offices in Boston and New York. About 20% of the commission for media brokers was paid to the publishers. Texts of ads were offered by the head of the company or its representative. People who wanted to put their ads in the newspaper paid him a commission. Such activities became very popular during the second part of 19th  century in all European countries. Significant advances in advertising development were made by American brokers. In the early 1850’s, John Wanamaker caused a revolution in the retail trade. He created a price lists for a variety of goods and returned the money if the commodity was not of the promised quality. As a result, he gained a lot of profit by using this strategy and he then opened a network of consumer goods shops. The reason of such great success was professional advertising. In 1880 businessmen employed the best creator of advertising texts – D. E. Powers. Powers started to develop advertisements using brand-new information. This strategy had become very popular in American trade circles and by the 20th century advertising had become a form of science. â€Å"In the 1880s a new era of advertising began: New methods of manufacturing led to greatly increased output and decreased the costs for the producers of consumer goods. The products now could be packaged at the plant. Moreover the telegraph network was in place and the continent has been crisscrossed by a network of railroads†¦. † All these were assumptions that now allowed nation-wide distribution and nation-wide advertising. This state supported the growth of advertising agencies and dictated their activities. During 19th  century the majority of advertisements were published in the newspapers and advertising leaflets. Although newspapers were a prerogative of well-off class of community but the situation began to change in the early 1860’s when people got the opportunity of receiving publications by post. First magazine advertisements appeared in  The Southern Messenger. For a few years the editor of this magazine was Edgar Po. Many of the magazines that began to publish advertisements as the separate charter in the 19th  century have continued doing it nowadays. Such editions are  Cosmopolitan, Ladies’ Home Journal, Readers Digest  and some others. Despite of the popular brands of newspapers the majority of information in the advertisements was unreliable and apocryphal. Moreover advertisements sometimes were immoral and absurd. For example in the countryside of one American city advertisement was placed in the monument of a non-existent person and it stated: â€Å"This person killed himself with the handgun with Colt system†. Then â€Å"publishers† enumerated the value of this handgun. As the result of such inhuman actions people stopped trusting advertisements and began to consider advertising as something negative. The first radio-advertisement was broadcast in 1922 in New York on the WEAF radio station. Thus in the 1920s advertisers and their agents had come to realize radio's possibilities. With its drama and immediacy, radio could convey their message directly to the consumer who would not need to purchase a publication or even need to be literate. In the 1950s television was introduced and quickly developed into THE advertising-media. In the 1950’s common income from the advertising industry rose to $ 10 billion a year. In 1980’s this index was $ 100 billion! Now advertisers could demonstrate the use of their products and present well-known figures to praise it. They could also affect emotions through television. THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC RELATION EARLY DEVELOPMENT. Although the concept of public relations as systematic social activity and the term itself, were not recognized until the first decades of the twentieth century, its more elementary functions of publicity, persuasion , and press agentry are many children old. Archaeologists have discovered evidence of political communication, such as painted messages. , in ruins of ancient civilizations, just as thousands of communicators publicize today’s Olympic Games ,so did their predecessors promote the first contexts in Greece. Caesar’s commentaries, glorifying the emperor, and the four gospels of the New Testament represented other forms of publicity and persuasion. As Peter G. Osgood, president of the public relations firm, remarked, â€Å"St john the Baptist himself did superb Advance work of P. R for Jesus of Nazareth. 19TH AND 20TH PUBLIC RELATIONS As the wave of industrialization, mechanization and urbanization swept the nation after civil war, the public became concerned about many aspects of big business, including concentrations of wealth and control. In 1888 the mutual Life Insurance company sought to improve its image by employing newspaperman Charles J . Smith to write press releases. A year later Westinghouse corporation created what is said to be the first in-house publicity department. In 1897 the term public relations was used ,perharps for the first time, by the Association of American Railroads. Twentieth –Century Developments. The first publicity firm, known as the publicity bureau, was established in Boston in 1900, with Harvard University as one of its clients. Within the decade a number of other such bureaus were established. Among them was the office oof Ivy Ledbetter Lee and George Parker. Ivy lee belief that much of the public’s antipathy toward business at that time-an antipathy exploite by the muckrakers (publications and writers who exposed corruption and exploitation) – resulted from the fact that most businesses operated in secrecy and most business people would not discuss their policies in operations with the public. Ivy lee used his PR techniques to restore peace and good image to the U. S coalindustry which was experiencing tumoil as aresult of shattering strikes. Lee continued to develop such techniques which werelater applied in various situations. Another dimension was added to public relations concept during world war 1, when the committee on public information was established by the federal government under George Creel,a former newspaper reporter. The committee conducted a massive and successful publicity campaign to mobilize the American public behind the war effort. The values of such massive communications efforts were impressed upon those who worked with Creel, and some of them became pioneers in the establishment of public relations firm designes to conduct similar campaigns for private clients. They included Edward L. Bernays , who in 1923 coined the term public relations counsel to describe a function that was to become the core of public relations, and Carl Byoir, whose firm became highly successful. After world war II public relations developed rapidly,in business and industry at first and later in nonprofit institutions. The number of public relation workers soared from only 19,000 in 1950 to 250,000 in 1990. In Nigeria the need for public administration arose after second world war. At that time there was need for effective public information as a result of growing unpopularity of the then colonial government. In the private sector, UAC established thr first PR department in 1949 under Charles Newman to explain the company’s work and policies to the people. EVALUATING THE OPERATIONS AND LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF ADVERTISING IN NIGERIA Few studies have examined the cultural reflections and the role of advertising in the national development of Nigerian or other African countries. This study, which explored the meaning of development, the debate on the role of culture and mass media on social modernization, African political economy as well as Nigerian history, politics, economic and ommunication development efforts, serves as an attempt to bridge that gulf. This study focused on the role of advertising in the process of social mobilization and modernization in Nigeria by examining the cultural reflections, the nature and characteristics of the messages, and the values and symbols conveyed in Nigerian mass media advertisements. The findings demonstrated the difficulty of ascertaining th e role of the mass media including advertising on a nation’s social, economic and national development and modernization. However, some of the conclusions drawn from the exploration could be summarized as follows: (1) The Nigerian government as well as native-owned enterprises and public corporations do not use advertising adequately to promote their goods and services; (2) Nigerian advertisers used both Western or traditional African cultural values, but neither of them dominated the other; (3) Developmental themes were found in Nigerian mass media advertisements, but they tended to concentrate on individual instead of group goals as traditional African value system dictates; (4) The nature and target(s) of advertisements in Nigerian mass media demonstrated that the Nigerian economy is distorted and underdeveloped; (5) The underdeveloped nature is clearly demonstrated because the majority of consumer products and services advertised in Nigeria were of foreign origin and mostly non-essential; (6) The products advertised often targeted the elites because the Nigerian masses could not afford them; (7) Fin ancial advertisements were the most dominant products and services of Nigerian origin because they promoted more products and services that the average Nigerian could afford. This study demonstrated that advertising holds both promises and problems for Nigerian economic and social development. Its promises deal with its ability to relay useful information on social issues and on the availability of goods and services to the masses. On the other hand, the problems deal with its ability to promote unfair competition, consumerism, lack of interest in social matters, and immoral attitudes, which could distort the economy or undermine traditional values and national economy. However, advertising should be encouraged, not discouraged. It could be monitored by practitioners and government officials in order to make the medium an effective vehicle for promoting goods and services as well as values that would assist the socioe conomic development of Nigeria. Advertising remains an important vehicle for the various tiers of Nigerian government to use for promoting their services and for explaining national issues in order to promote national integration and the social welfare of the masses. The use of advertising to promote socioeconomic development could be achieved by adopting â€Å"developmental advertising. The idea calls for the incorporation of relevant cultural values and developmental themes in product and servi ce advertisements by the private and public sectors. The goal is to help public corporations and businesses in marketing their products and services, thus enabling Nigeria’s economic and social growth. It could assist Nigerians to adopt useful modernization habits. THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ON A CORPORATE BODY The advertising business has become such an important factor in the economy of many countries, especially in Nigeria, that it also changes the economy itself, society, culture, and the political system. The stimulation for the demand of products and services helps the  economy  grow stronger and stronger. New inventions become known much faster and can establish their spot in the sales figures of the economy. If there are more people buying these products the overall costs will drop and the product will become cheaper for the customer which raises his willingness to buy even more. On the other hand advertisements are very expensive and some economists believe that these costs are put on top of the actual price paid by the customer. Advertising has a serious impact on the  culture  of a country. The globalized economy uses the same commercials in a lot of different countries, which leads to a break down in the differences of these societies. Children will grow up not knowing how their culture has been before in their country. It can also lead to a lot of discussion about moral values if we just think about the very controversial ads. Critics argue that advertising can also have a huge influence on  society. It tells the consumers that only purchasing products makes you happy and therefore people compare each other on their belongings. Women also compare themselves with the beautiful and very skinny models they see on commercials and ads. This sometimes results in eating disorders and a low self-esteem of women who don’t look like these models. Another bad effect is, that minority groups, especially in the United States are portrait in a subordinate position, which settles in the minds of people. Commercials are also an important part of the income of a TV station which leads to the suspicion that a news channel might not report on an incident about a company they depend on. A lot of TV shows are also based on these commercials, and if the ratings aren’t good enough the show will be stopped. Only those shows which attract a lot of viewers will be shown, which is not very differentiated and put minorities like older people at a disadvantage. Finally advertising can also have an impact in  politics. Millions are spent on advertisements and TV commercials in any elections taking place in the country. It gives the opponents the chance to respond to charges very quickly reaching a few million viewers. But since this is very expensive only very rich people have to chance to run for a political position or at least depend on the donation of wealthier people who could have a huge impact on democracy this way. The political issues talked about in an election are also very much simplified because the spots are only about 30 seconds long, and you can’t really discuss a lot in such a short period of time. ————————————————- The Challenge of Public Relations and Good Governance in Nigeria The role of the Nigeria Institute of Public Relations in enhancing communication between Governments, organisations and the public cannot be over emphasized. By ensuring free flow of communication, public relations practitioners help to reduce conflict and misunderstandings in the society. As you are all aware, good governance, accountability and transparency are important ingredients of democracy. In other words, the objective of good governance, as being implemented by this Administration, is to ensure the provision of better quality of life for all Nigerians. it is my opinion that public relations practitioners have the responsibility to understand public perceptions and truthfully communicate these to government. They should endeavor to provide free flow of information on government policies and actions to the general public for the good of all. In this highly technological information age, the Public Relations professional needs to have a high sense of intellectual judgement, creativity, confidence and above all courage. I dare to say therefore that given the relevance of your profession, which is all about helping us to manage our relations with all our publics, a lot is expected of you. As you are all aware, we are now dealing with more informed and discerning publics. They are hungry for knowledge and truth and the success of any government in marketing its policies and achievements – external and internal – will depend on the level of professionalism, which you as Public Relations practitioners provide. I urge you therefore to tell the Nigerian story from our own perspective at all times. In Nigeria, Public Relations has become a strategic management function. Most Nigerian organizations either have full public relations department or retain the services of PR consultants. In corporate bodies, PR is now acknowledged as a major tool in achieving social, economic and political goals and objectives of an organization. Public Relations has had numerous impact in an organization through publicizing an organizations activities and maintaining cordial relationship with the media (information and communication). Researching on corporate image, public motivation issues and trends. Public Relation has helped extensively in corporate identity management of an organization.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

buy custom Strategies in the Atrium Gallery essay

buy custom Strategies in the Atrium Gallery essay Atrium Gallery will use several inputs in producing its dresses where it would require materials of different types like silk, chiffon, and cotton which would appear in different colours which will be very appealing to the customers since they will be able to get a choice of the colour that they like because of the wide variety of colours that they will have to choose from. When Atrium Gallery uses very good materials to make their dresses, they would be able to change the quality of their dresses. Changing of quality standards could have both positive and negative impacts on a project. This is because the resources which are available to a company give it an added advantage by cutting costs required to implement the project. This is because the company usually has a prolonged benefit, which makes the creation of projects much easier due to the readily available resources. Production and Material Management Atrium Gallery is going to use the services of skilled and professional staff into the production of its dresses since the dresses have to be designed by designers who are good at that so it shows that to be able to come up with very unique dresses from the close competitors, the designers have to be very professional. When it comes to the quality of the dresses, there will be a skilled professional whose main work will be to inspect and see if the dresses will be very appealing to the customers since the dresses are being produced for consumption by high and middle income women. Critical Operating Factors for the Business to Operate (Key Success Factors) Advantages in sourcing material There are so many advantages of sourcing material which we as Atrium gallery have taken advantage of. The company purchases all the raw materials directly from the suppliers where the company is able to get better deals on the expensive materials which they use to make the luxurious dresses which are very unique. This outsourcing of materials has enabled the company to be able to produce a price which is pocket friendly to all the customers of the Atrium Gallery brand. Come of the advantages that Atrium Gallery gets from outsourcing material is that it gets a supply of materials which is guaranteed, it has simplified processes, it has a better leverage when it comes to the negotiation on the procurement, and it gives the company increased supply chain standards clarity where the company gets quality materials. Technological innovation in the manufacturing or distribution process Some of the technologies which are associated with Atrium Gallery have made it to be able to create markets for all its new designs. This success factor in Atrium Gallery has made the company to be able to leverage on the existing technologies and the new technologies which is more advanced to those that are being used by the close competitors which has enabled the Atrium Gallery to produce high quality dresses for all its global customers so that it can be able to increase its sales and total revenues which would further increase in the profit margin of the company. Atrium Gallery has adapted an online shopping, bar coding, and other computer aided designs which are all results of a better technology. With the adaption of this new technology, the company is able to reduce its costs of production, improve the quality of its dresses, and also lead to future innovation in the company which can be very beneficial to both the company and the customer. Effective pricing strategy A pricing strategy is a price planning which puts into consideration (maximization of profits, revenue maximization) buyers claim, product attributes, prices of competitors, and economic trends. Channel distribution is an organized group of institutions whose aim is to link producers and end customers so as to achieve the marketing goals. It involves activities such as selling, promotion, ordering, information and feedback. Atrium gallery has an effective pricing strategy where it makes use of the price penetration where it puts an initial low entry price for all its luxurious dresses with the expectations that the customers will shift to the new brand because of its low prices. Atrium gallery can put low prices for its dresses so as to increase its sales volume, rather than making short term profits. Advantages of using this pricing strategy are firstly the dresses for Atrium gallery will penetrate into the market quickly due to its fast adoption by consumers. Secondly, low price pe netration will discourage competitors thus giving it a sustainable competitive advantage. Thirdly, it will create a high stock turnover for the firm and lastly it is economically efficient since it is possible to base it on marginal pricing cost. Access to skilled employees Atrium Gallery has a pioneer advantage over all its competitive businesses like the Dolce and Gabbana because of its access to skilled employees. Human capital is very important to a business. Human capital is one of the greatest assets which are used by Atrium Gallery which is brought up by the presence of its internal designers who make up the Fashion and design department in the company (Gerald, 2004). Their innovation which is mostly constant is very important and crucial for the creation of the unique and luxurious designs. Atrium Gallery has a very good access to many talents and incorporates them into the company which can make the company to be an international Corporation (Gerald, 2004). Management Summary Indicative Content Description of team members The team members of Atrium Gallery include the managers and the employees of the company who are solely the people who are responsible for the success of the company. There are several managers who are in charge of the several departments like the accounting and finance department, sales and marketing department, Human resource department, and the production department. The managers and the employees make a very good team since there is the direct communication between the employees and the managers and vice versa. Qualifications All the team members in Atrium Gallery are highly skilled and professional. In order to qualify as a team member, one has to have enough qualifications which can suit him in the position of work. Managers One has to have at least a Masters Degree in Fashion and Design, Accounting, Human Resource, Sales and Marketing or any other Degree from an acknowledged University, at least 5 years of experience from a good communication and interpersonal skills Employees One has to have at least a Bachelors Degree from an acknowledged university A higher Diploma Certificate is an added advantage Be a team player Management Philosophy, Strengths and Weaknesses of the Team Management philosophies are set of beliefs which can be used in the decision making process. The team in Atrium Gallery has very good management philosophies which are aimed at the making of good decisions in the company. The Team members have to be role models since they have to carry out their management responsibilities effectively. The management responsibilities of the executives in the Atrium Gallery include activities like training and management of staff performance, customer interface management, risk reduction in the company, and the engagement of the stakeholders of the company (Sadler-Smith, 2006). For Atrium Gallery to be able to survive in the competitive world, it has to have good leadership management strategy since leaders visualize, strategize, implement, evaluate, and review all the desired projects and programs, so as to be able to achieve their set goals. This information gathering performed by leaders helps in the decision-making processes of the company, which shows the importance of leadership in a business or organization (Bowman Asch, 1996). Good leadership of a company can facilitate the success of its performance through a proper strategy planning, which is initiated by the leaders of the organization through the utilization of the available resources, which, in addition, might be limited within a challenging environment, so as to be able to meet all the expectations of the stakeholders (Lynch, 2006). Financial plan Indicative content Capital requirements The capital financing for Atrium Gallery would come from the existing funds which will include the the cash balances, bank overdrafts, bank loans, shareholders capital, the working capital which we have already invested in the business (debtors and stocks), and the creditors (the suppliers). Most of the funding of the business will come from the owner with no additional investment required Financial projections The financial projections of Atrium Gallery include the income statements, cash flow statements, and balance sheets. The main aim of the financial projections for the company is to ensure that the business can be able to generate cash which is enough to be able to pay up all its backers and also that it can be able to fuel all the business incentives to succeed in the competitive business since Atrium Gallery is in the fashion industry which is a very competitive market. The income statement which is also called the profit and loss account shows all the expenses, the net loss, and the revenue for a specified time. The Net income is got by getting the amounnt by which the total revenue is in excess of the total expenses. The profit which is then got from this calculation is normally retained at the earnings account which has all the earnings which have accumulated of the business when the inception less dividends. The presence of a net loss leads to a reduction in the retained earnings account. The income statements which are projected actually show that the business can be able to earn profits over a specified period of time. The balance sheet on the other hand is a statement which shows the financial position of the business where: Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Owners Equity The owners equity is made up of the residual amount which is the total amount of all the assets that the business owner has a claim over because of the creditor claims and it can be derived from the paid-in capital which is usually the cash which is invested by the owner of the business, and the retained earnings which are usually the profits which have accumulated in the business. The balance sheet in the Atrium gallery helps in the reporting of the financial position of the business after a specific time. For the cash flow statements, revenue is usually not just a cash receipt and an expense in a business is usually not just a cash payment. The net cash flow which is the receipts less the cash payments, and the net income are termed to be very different. Assumptions underpinning the financial projections If inadequately planned or allocated, timing can affect the projects financial cost and companys budget it could show that the company has to incur additional costs, which could put additional strain on the budget, since the company would be forced to plan more costs in the form of labor to successfully complete the project within the stipulated time. Time management is a major key responsibility of a companys project manager. Therefore, a project manager should possess a good sense of time management, which is very important in project cost management. The assumptions for the financial projections are summarised in the table 1 below Table 1: The general Assumptions of the financial projections General Assumptions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Plan Month 1 2 3 Current Interest Rate 10% 10% 10% Long-term Interest Rate 10% 10% 10% Tax Rate 30% 30% 30% Other 0 0 0 The break-even point in a business is the point where the costs equals the expenses since there is no net gain and also no net loss meaning that it is the point when the business neither makes profits nor losses. For Atrium Gallery, in the first year, it expects to sell a total of about 97 pieces of dresses from the sales forecast where if it sells less than 1160 pieces of dresses, the business will automatically make a loss, but is it sells more than the 1160 dresses, and then the company would make a profit. It is then the work of the manager of the business to ensure that the dresses which are sold should be equal to or even more than 1160 dresses for the company to be able to make profits. To ensure that the company does not make losses if the number of dresses sold does not reach 1160 pieces, then the company could come up with strategies where they could reduce all the fixed costs by negotiating for the purchases of the materials and controlling all the other costs within the b usiness, they could also try reduce the variable costs, and the increasing of the selling prices of the finished dresses. The Break even analysis in Atrium Gallery indicates the monthly revenue which is needed for the business to reach a break-even point. Buy custom Strategies in the Atrium Gallery essay

Monday, October 21, 2019

Make a Cold Pack from Hot Ice

Make a Cold Pack from Hot Ice There are a few different ways you can make your own chemical cold pack. You could mix citric acid and sodium bicarbonate or you could mix barium hydroxide with an ammonium salt. If you have baking soda and vinegar, you can prepare your own hot ice or sodium acetate and then use the hot ice to make a cold pack. This method is pretty neat because crystallizing the sodium acetate generates a noticeable amount of heat. Dissolving the hot ice then absorbs the heat, so you can use the same chemical to make a hot pack and then a cold pack. Heres all you need to do: Hot Ice Cold Pack plastic bag with zipperhot icewater The hot ice needs to be sodium acetate trihydrate, which is the hydrated hot ice that you get right after you crystallize it. If you only have dry sodium acetate you need to dissolve it in the minimum amount of water and crystallize it. Now, just place your hot ice in the baggie and add a small volume of water. There you go... an instant cold pack! The reaction wont get super-cold (only about 9-10Â °C), but its enough to be noticeable, plus the chemicals are re-useable.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Qué hacer para trabajar de au pair en Estados Unidos

Quà © hacer para trabajar de au pair en Estados Unidos Trabajar como au pair o cuidador de nià ±os en Estados Unidos puede ser una experiencia gratificante para los jà ³venes que deseen practicar y mejorar sus conocimientos de inglà ©s. Para desempeà ±ar este trabajo es preciso que una familia patrocine a la nià ±era a travà ©s de una agencia autorizada por el Departamento de Estado. El joven extranjero entrar y trabajar en Estados Unidos amparado por una visa de intercambio conocida como J-1. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre los requisitos tanto de las familias para alojar a una nià ±era bajo este programa como tambià ©n aquellos que deben cumplir los jà ³venes extranjeros para calificar. Requisitos de las familias para patrocinar a una au pair extranjera Ser ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales.En el hogar familiar debe hablarse inglà ©s.Los nià ±os americanos a cuidar por el cuidador extranjero debern ser mayores de tres meses y menores de 18 aà ±os. Las familias corren con la mayorà ­a de los gastos que generalmente incluyen el viaje ida y vuelta en avià ³n y seguro mà ©dico mientras dure la estancia de la nià ±era en Estados Unidos. Requisitos para trabajar como au pair en Estados Unidos Tener entre 18 y 26 aà ±os de edad. Aunque la inmensa mayorà ­a de los jà ³venes que solicitan trabajar como cuidadores de nià ±os son mujeres, tambià ©n pueden aplicar los varones.Tener buenos conocimientos de inglà ©s a nivel oral.Haber acabado los estudios de bachillerato (high school) o equivalente.No tener antecedentes penales. Antes de concederse la visa se requerir documentacià ³n oficial que acredite que no se ha cometido ningà ºn delito. Si se ha sido condenado, la visa ser denegada.Suministrar fotos de su vida y al menos tres referencias que no pueden ser de familiares. Adems de los requisitos legales, hay otros fruto de la prctica que hacen que sea ms fcil que una aspirante a au-pair encuentre familia de acogida. Asimismo, cà ³mo se tramita la visa, cules son las condiciones laborales de los muchachos desempeà ±ando esta labor y, finalmente, se hace referencia a otros programas de intercambio que tambià ©n pueden ser de interà ©s para jà ³venes extranjeros que desean vivir la experiencia americana mientras practican inglà ©s. Tramitacià ³n de la visa J-1 para nià ±eras Rellenar la aplicacià ³n correspondiente.Pagar las cuotas correspondientes. La cantidad varà ­a y es fijada por la empresa socia de la agencia americana autorizada para llevar a cabo el programa de au pair. En general es menos de $1000 e incluye el arancel por aplicar, el de encontrar familia patrocinadora y por la entrevista. En ocasiones, dependiendo del paà ­s, es posible que se tenga  que pagar un sobreprecio por el viaje.Pasar una entrevista en persona y un test psicolà ³gico y otro fà ­sico.Escribir una carta dirigida a una posible familia patrocinadora.Si se va a cuidar de nià ±os menores de dos aà ±os, habr que acreditar que se tiene al menos 200 horas de experiencia cuidando a bebà ©s.Comprometerse por escrito a trabajar por doce meses.Acudir a clases de inglà ©s y participar en una reunià ³n mensual de nià ±eras. Requerimientos que frecuentemente solicitan las familias Aunque la ley no dice nada al respecto, en la prctica se sabe que las familias patrocinadoras buscan nià ±eras que: Que tenga licencia de manejar.No fumar. Condiciones labores de las nià ±eras con el programa J-1 El cuidador tendr recmara propia (cuarto, habitacià ³n) y se le proveer con tres comidas diarias.Se le entregar semanalmente para su uso y disfrute la cantidad de $195.75.Las familias corrern con el gasto de hasta $500 para que la au pair asista a clases de inglà ©s (al menos seis crà ©ditos en una universidad o college comunitario).La jornada laboral no podr exceder de 10 horas al dà ­a ni de 45 horas semanales.El contrato ser por doce meses y se le pagar al cuidador dos semanas de vacaciones. Agencias oficiales intermediarias en el programa de Au Pair Es necesario tener en cuenta que una persona sà ³lo puede ser nià ±era con una visa de intercambio J-1 para si las gestiones se hacen exclusivamente a travà ©s de una de las agencia autorizadas por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Este es el listado. Por à ºltimo, esto es lo que debes hacer si la experiencia no es como tà º esperabas y hay problemas serios o te despiden. Esto es lo que debes hacer si el programa de la visa J-1 finaliza antes del tiempo previsto. EduCare Es un programa similar pero diferente al de aupair. Los utilizan las familias americanas para contratar nià ±eras extranjeras para cuidar de sus hijos antes o despuà ©s del horario escolar. En estos casos la au pair no puede trabajar ms de 30 horas a la semana y podrn recibir hasta $1000 para costear sus estudios. En estos casos la compensacià ³n a recibir es menor, estando fijada en $146.81. Evitar problemas con la visa Una vez que se tiene la visa es importante no hacer nada que pueda ponerla en peligro. Para ello una de la informacià ³n fundamental es saber cunto se puede ingresar a Estados Unidos y cuntos son los dà ­as de periodo de gracia para salir, una vez que finaliza el programa. Informacià ³n de interà ©s Para los muchachos interesados en estudiar en EEUU pero creen que no pueden pagarlo, verificar la posibilidad de estudiar dos aà ±os en un Community College: estas son sus ventajas y en esta base de datos se puede comprobar costo en ms de 1,000 colegios comunitarios en todo el paà ­s. Otras opciones con una Visa J-1 de intercambio Existen otras posibilidades para los jà ³venes extranjeros que desean pasar una temporada en EU para aprender inglà ©s y/o disfrutar la experiencia americana. Por ejemplo, el programa SWT para universitarios, que permite que trabajen y viajen durante los meses de verano. Otra opcià ³n son los programas oficiales para staff de apoyo  de campamentos de verano o los de prcticas profesionales (pasantà ­as) para jà ³venes profesionales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Unit Assessment 5 professionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit Assessment 5 professionalism - Essay Example In my company where gifts are not encouraged, I would accept for any gifts offered but work towards ensuring that policies of the organization are well understood to ensure that the person does not offer gifts in the future. The fact that the employee has been offering gifts for a long time may indicate two things. Firstly, the employee may not be aware of the policy regarding gifts (DuPont, 1998). Secondly, he/she may just be ignorant and not care of the consequences of going against the organizational policies. To address these issues, I would strive to have the organizational policies understood by all the staff members by sharing on their emails as well as through communication through supervisors. This way, the employee targeted will not feel victimized and will most likely stop the act. The other step that may be taken is through training to all staff members on different policies as well as offering written policies upon signing of contracts for new employees (Malin, 2000). In the event that such measure do no work on an employee, it is important to communicate the policy to the affected employee directly to ensure that they stop the habit from becoming widespread within the organization against the policies. Â   Motivation is important in ensuring that staff members work and deliver maximally in an organization. As a supervisor, working with a motivated group makes it easy to achieve organizational goals. It also reduces many problems, which may arise from internal conflicts, lack of communication and poor performance (DuPont, 1998). One of the most important methods of motivating employees is through offering a nurturing environment at the work place. A nurturing environment makes employees feel that they are cared for and that their welfare is well considered by the organization (Anderson and Bolt, 2011). For instance offering free counseling services for employees may be a good step towards a

Friday, October 18, 2019

Case study 19 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study 19 - Research Paper Example In a free market, lower priced products are likely to attract more customers compared to those with higher prices. In most cases, customers are very sensitive to prices and some organisations have capitalised on this where they lower the prices while at the same time trying to retain value. Mr Herrera is therefore reluctant to put higher price mark-ups as these would scare away his loyal customers which may result in loss of sales and ultimately loss of profits. However, his stance on the issue of pricing almost destroyed his business in that the revenue generated could not offset the cost of maintaining the buildings as well as high budgets on advertising. It can be noted that the total operational costs are slightly higher than the revenue generated though the customers still believe that he offers good quality on his project. Noble as it is to retain the loyal customers, it is also important to ensure that that the business is also able to sustain itself for long term benefits. Essentially, business is meant to generate profits which can cover all the operational costs. 2. The concepts of demand, price and profits are interrelated in various ways. Demand refers to the number of customers willing to purchase a product. â€Å"Marketing’s main thrust and skill is demand management, namely to influence the level, timing and composition of demand in pursuit of the company’s objective,† (Kotler 1999 p.46). The major objective of business is to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers profitably. However, in some instances, there may be over demand of goods and there is need for the marketers to try to reduce demand or change its timing. Demand affects the pricing of the product in different ways. There may be need to increase the price in order to offset the imbalance in revenue generated which may be recorded. An upsurge in demand where the price remains

Green Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Green Accounting - Essay Example It is based on the existing financial accounting standards. In United Kingdom it is a combination of a company law and company accounting standards framed by the regulatory bodies which is utilised by the accounting professionals of UK (Sigma Projects, 2003). Different countries follow different kinds of GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) accounting principles based on their regulatory and legal frameworks. Sustainability and sustainable accounting have different meanings and applications. The concept was first coined by Brundtland Commission and published in the report Our Common Future in the year 1987 (Christofi and Sisaye, 2006). It involves the effective and optimum utilisation of resources and reducing carbon emissions, wastage, environmental impacts. Sustainability accounting on the other hand helps in the financial reporting and communication about the sustainability initiatives and actions to the shareholder’s and stakeholders of the company. ... The global climate change has been the result of the industrialisation process that has caused carbon emissions, global warming and weather extremities such as drought and floods (Khan, 2011). It has helped companies to identify their past and potential future environmental impacts and benefits in addition to the historical and financial outcomes from their business activities. It also provides forward-looking information to help the companies implement and formulate strategic solutions to strengthen the business performance and to respond to the sustainability challenges that the environment faces. Sustainability accounting also helps in the risk management through identification and analysis of sustainability related risks and opportunities. Interdisciplinary relationships between ASD practices and organisational success The main purpose of sustainability accounting reporting is measuring, disclosing and being accountable to the stakeholders of the company to evaluate the organisat ional performance. Sustainability accounting is a broad term used for describing financial reporting on the environmental, economic, social impacts (World Commission on Environment and Development, 2006). A sustainability accounting report should be able to provide a relevant and balanced representation of the sustainability performance of the company (World Commission on Environment and Development, 2006). The various purposes of sustainability report are as follows 1) Demonstrating how the organisation is influenced and influences by expectations about the sustainable development. 2) Benchmarking and analyzing the sustainability performance of the company with respect to the norms and regulations of the regulatory

Practical 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Practical 1 - Assignment Example Annealing process effects on mechanical properties of the sample’s test strain properties. The material loses its ductility during the cold rolling process. Anneal strengthening effect or toughness of the material under investigation (copper) increases in degree of prior cold work and the corresponding annealing. The ability of crystalline material to plastically deform depends on the ability for dislocation movement within copper. When the movement of dislocations is impeded, the material is strengthened. This is achieved through a number of ways such as; Strain hardening or work-hardening or cold working is a process that makes copper harder and stronger through plastic deformation. As it is plastically deformed, dislocations move as additional dislocations are produced. As dislocation within the material increases, the grains interact and become pinned or tangled. As a result, there is decreased grain mobility of dislocations as the material is strengthened. Ductility increases with the grain size, as the strength decreases. Atomic diffusion occurs as temperature increases and it releases internal strain energy. Since atoms are not fixed in a position but move once they have enough energy to break their bonds, diffusion increases rapidly with the increase in temperature. This allows the atoms to move to unrestrained positions and recover a normal position in lattice structure. This is the recovery phase and leads to adjustment of strain. In the annealing process, the test sample was performed in 1000Â ºC capacity furnace. It was observed that the hardness of the copper sample increased with gradual increase in reduction in cross-sectional area. This is due to strain hardening. The maximum value of hardness was obtained at 117HB 40% reduction in area. Understanding of mechanical deformation properties ensures efficient stress relieving procedures. Thickness of material affects the hardness of the material. It is observed from the experiment that

Thursday, October 17, 2019

EBay's Overall Digital Marketing Efforts Case Study

EBay's Overall Digital Marketing Efforts - Case Study Example With up to 4.5 million likes on Facebook and over 170 thousand followers on Twitter, eBay is actively increasing its popularity all around the world. It has a modern website that is quite user friendly, it easy for one to find his or her way around the site be it to buy or sell a phone, a car or an accessory among others. Consequently, its default search engine gives results of all its networks; the item to be sold or bought, the price range and the even geographical location. Finally, eBay has a mobile application that allows e-mail and message notifications about specific services (O’Reilly, 1). The New York Times has featured news about eBay. Buying a few items on eBay guarantees one to be conversant with the mechanisms and operations of the site. More information and ideas were outsourced from other people who have used eBay before or are still using. Overall Marketing Strategy A marketing strategy refers to the process(s) or model(s) that a company employs to realize sust ainable competition and maximize their sales, by optimally using their resources. This would include all the short and long term ideologies in the marketing area, strategy formation, assessment and selection of a good plan, hence to help the organization reach its goal. Marketing, therefore, entails the efforts used to get word out about a product. O’Reilly (1) claims that, no matter how big the brand, the products they have a need to be showcased to the rest of the globe to at least get a hearing. These strategies include: spreading the news, using e-mail, allowing for customer feedback, using business cards, rewarding frequent customers and giving out freebies. These ideas enable one to make an overall marketing plan, but with a good website the number of these strategies can be doubled. Located all over Europe, eBay has got more than 90 million users worldwide. As a marketing plan, it launched daily email offers service, and is focusing to push fashion sales. With its slog an, ‘free shipping’, eBay has been able to significantly attract sellers and buyers from all over U.S. eBay. It redesigned its website into a superstore. Recently, Sainsbury’s digital marketer, Tanya Lawler joined eBay to be the vice president in order to boost sales says O’Reilly, (1). Target Audience eBay is one of the largest online marketplaces all around the world. It allows trade to occur on local, national and even international scale. This trade happens through auction listings, buy it now basis or through the eBay stores. It has acted as a neutral intermediary between buyers and sellers, hence referred to as a market maker. eBay oversees trade between a number of goods and services namely; motors (cars, motorcycles, bicycles etc.), fashion, Electronics, collectibles or art, sporting goods, toys and hobbies, jewelry, health and beauty, deals and gifts and finally, home, outdoors and decor (Ebay.com, 1). A number of eBay users find it safer than oth er online marketplace, it is, therefore, considered a reliable online source for buying and selling of goods and services. eBay offers free shipping within the U.S while rival online marketplaces do not offer such service. eBay differentiate itself by getting involved or acting as a mediator between the two parties (buyers and sellers), hence the idea of auctioning goods and services.  

Nursing Professional Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Professional Behavior - Essay Example Whatever the debate, one thing is clear, nurses are expected to conduct themselves in a professional manner and exude pleasantness at all times. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to study in depth the nursing professional behavior in a bid to understand what one is expected to require of a nurse. Before proceeding further one may be curious to ask, do the traditional nurse uniforms maketh a nurse is it the behavior that communicates professionalism The answer to this may be varied but popular opinion holds that both play an important role i.e. it is crucial that a nurse be courteous, and dress the part. Dressing helps the nurses give a good first impression as well as appear more trustworthy to the patient which is the first step in surmounting the primary obstacle in the profession. On the other hand the greater challenge lies in sustaining this trust throughout the period which the patient is under hospital care. No doubt this can be strenuous because so much is expected from them.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

EBay's Overall Digital Marketing Efforts Case Study

EBay's Overall Digital Marketing Efforts - Case Study Example With up to 4.5 million likes on Facebook and over 170 thousand followers on Twitter, eBay is actively increasing its popularity all around the world. It has a modern website that is quite user friendly, it easy for one to find his or her way around the site be it to buy or sell a phone, a car or an accessory among others. Consequently, its default search engine gives results of all its networks; the item to be sold or bought, the price range and the even geographical location. Finally, eBay has a mobile application that allows e-mail and message notifications about specific services (O’Reilly, 1). The New York Times has featured news about eBay. Buying a few items on eBay guarantees one to be conversant with the mechanisms and operations of the site. More information and ideas were outsourced from other people who have used eBay before or are still using. Overall Marketing Strategy A marketing strategy refers to the process(s) or model(s) that a company employs to realize sust ainable competition and maximize their sales, by optimally using their resources. This would include all the short and long term ideologies in the marketing area, strategy formation, assessment and selection of a good plan, hence to help the organization reach its goal. Marketing, therefore, entails the efforts used to get word out about a product. O’Reilly (1) claims that, no matter how big the brand, the products they have a need to be showcased to the rest of the globe to at least get a hearing. These strategies include: spreading the news, using e-mail, allowing for customer feedback, using business cards, rewarding frequent customers and giving out freebies. These ideas enable one to make an overall marketing plan, but with a good website the number of these strategies can be doubled. Located all over Europe, eBay has got more than 90 million users worldwide. As a marketing plan, it launched daily email offers service, and is focusing to push fashion sales. With its slog an, ‘free shipping’, eBay has been able to significantly attract sellers and buyers from all over U.S. eBay. It redesigned its website into a superstore. Recently, Sainsbury’s digital marketer, Tanya Lawler joined eBay to be the vice president in order to boost sales says O’Reilly, (1). Target Audience eBay is one of the largest online marketplaces all around the world. It allows trade to occur on local, national and even international scale. This trade happens through auction listings, buy it now basis or through the eBay stores. It has acted as a neutral intermediary between buyers and sellers, hence referred to as a market maker. eBay oversees trade between a number of goods and services namely; motors (cars, motorcycles, bicycles etc.), fashion, Electronics, collectibles or art, sporting goods, toys and hobbies, jewelry, health and beauty, deals and gifts and finally, home, outdoors and decor (Ebay.com, 1). A number of eBay users find it safer than oth er online marketplace, it is, therefore, considered a reliable online source for buying and selling of goods and services. eBay offers free shipping within the U.S while rival online marketplaces do not offer such service. eBay differentiate itself by getting involved or acting as a mediator between the two parties (buyers and sellers), hence the idea of auctioning goods and services.  

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Google's Strategy in 2012 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Google's Strategy in 2012 - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that legal actions that are against Google have mainly originated from infringement as well as other issues that are associated with copyrights. Nonetheless, the concept of privacy in the internet world is progressively becoming unmanageable and ability that Google has of recording the habits of internet users and broadcasting the information to the people on the internet has to lead to the calls for new laws that are more stringent. The external macro economic environment that Google exists in encompasses all the outside firms and forces, which have a possible interest or effect on the ability that the firm has to achieve its goals. Despite the fact that Google is an online business, macroeconomics factors greatly affect the broadcast of the company in several regions such as China, which has restricted the use of Google and in some cases unavailable. Google has enjoyed freedom from government interferences since it was established in 1998 since it does not fall under one government jurisdiction. The software that Google utilizes is proprietary and is only restricted by particular court orders in various countries. However, this might change in the days to come with the introduction of a Federal Internet Sales Tax Law in the United States. The fact that Google has already established a brand name that the users have been able to trust is one of the strengths of the associated with the company. The services offered by this company are dependable, reliable and relatively fast compared to other search engines.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Lockes Criterion Of Personal Identity

Lockes Criterion Of Personal Identity Who am I? What makes me, me? The theory of personal identity has been considered one of the most complicated questions that philosophy has taken a deeper look into. The theory of personal identity tries to deal with the questions about how an individual at one time and place is the same individual at another time and place. When we look at personal identity, we are trying to figure out what sets us apart from other pieces of matter, species and individuals. In this essay I will discuss John Lockes criterion of sameness of consciousness for the theory of personal identity and why he does not think that other physical or psychological criteria fit, a challenge to Lockes criterion posed by Thomas Reid using the logic of transitivity analogy, and lastly how the suggested idea of overlapping chains of memory that Derek Parfit poses to reform Lockes view so that it may meet the challenge posed by Thomas Reid is a good solution to the challenge because it keeps Lockes theory intact and also adds the transitivity property that Reid challenges Lockes theory on. When discussing personal identity, the criterion of identity will strongly depend on the object that you are talking about. There have been many viewpoints as to what the criterion of personal identity of the self or a person is. Some viewpoints suggest that the criterion for the self is organic; that our body is what identifies us over time. Locke states that this criterion is not applicable for personal identity of a person because of situations like body switch (Freaky Friday situation). If the consciousness of two people were to switch, everyone would think that you are the same person because you look like the same person. However, it is not actually you in your body and because there is a different consciousness in your body, and your body is no longer you; your body cannot define your personal identity. Other views describe the criterion as being substance that makes us the same over time. Substance includes both non-physical (soul) and physical substances. According to Locke, substance as a criterion is not applicable for personal identity of a person because of situations like death. When you die, you may be made of the same substance, but if you cease to think (thinking is connected to being a person) then you cease to exist and have no personal identity. Locke looks towards a psychological criterion to define personal identity of a person. According to Locke, a person or the self is different than just matter and just a living thing. A person is a thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in different times and places; which it does only by that consciousness which is inseparable from thinking. This describes what is known as sameness of consciousness. We are the same person to the point where we are conscious of our past and future memory or mental state in the same way that we are conscious of our current memory or mental state. This criterion can also be broken down into an analogy said by Locke: person x is the same as person y if person y is consciously connected to x in the sense that person y can remember the thoughts and actions of person x. According to Locke, the necessary criterion of personal identity is sameness of consciousness. This sameness of consciousness comes directly from memory and experience. Locke believes that the sameness of consciousness is the ideal criterion of personal identity for a person because since consciousness is always connected to thinking, and being able to think is what makes a person a person and allows that person to distinguish its own thoughts from anothers, as far back as our consciousness can be extended to any past thought, so far back will our identity extend. As far back as the person can repeat or reflect on a past thought or action with its current consciousness, so far back is the personal identity of the person. Thomas Reid, as well as many other philosophers and critics who oppose the idea of sameness of consciousness criterion, otherwise known as memory theory, have a very hard time agreeing that sameness of consciousness is a necessary criterion for personal identity. They understand that the sufficient condition that the view of sameness of consciousness criterion is trying to state is achievable; if I remember eating a triple chocolate fudge bar, then I must have been the one that really ate the triple chocolate fudge bar. However, they dont understand how sameness of consciousness is a necessary condition for personal identity; that if I cannot remember eating the triple chocolate fudge bar, then it is impossible that I was the one who ate the triple chocolate fudge bar. The fact that it is impossible for you to have the same personal identity if you cannot remember that past thought or action is where Reids challenge arises. Reids challenge towards Lockes theory is presented in the form of the logic of transitivity analogy that states that if x is related to y, and y is related to z, then x is related to z. Using a modern example, Reids theory follows that the little girl who played in the sand(x) is the same person who was a student at the University of Toronto(y) and the person who was a student at the University of Toronto(y) is the same as the woman who is CEO of a banking firm(z), and therefore using the logic of transitivity, the little girl who played in the sand(x) is therefore the same person as the woman who is CEO of a banking firm(z). Reid successfully shows that transitivity allows the little girl who played in the sand and the woman who is CEO of a banking firm to have the same personal identity despite the fact that the woman who is CEO of a banking firm may not remember ever being the little girl who played in the sand. Due to the fact that Reids challenge is successful in showing that th e CEO and the little girl who played in the sand can be the same person and share the same personal identity, it shows that Lockes theory denies the fact that the CEO and the little girl who played in the sand are the same person which ignores the logic of transitivity and is therefore false. Lockes criterion does not take into consideration the transitivity property and Reids challenge points out this clear and big flaw. Reids challenge explains that Lockes criterion of personal identity completely ignores the logic of transitivity. His challenge proves that Lockes criterion, without any changes applied, fails because it cannot just ignore the transivity property. However, Derek Parfit, a British philosopher who also explored the topic of personal identity, suggested a possible solution to slightly change Lockes criterion to make it so that it meets this challenge. Parfits suggested solution is to make the criterion of personal identity overlapping chains of memory. Going back to the modern example of the little girl who played in the sand and the CEO, Parfits suggested solution would state that if the student at the University of Toronto could remember being the little girl who played in the sand, and the CEO remembered being the student at the University of Toronto, then this overlapping chain of memories would allow the CEO to be the same person as the little girl who played in the sand. This solution helps Lockes theory overcome Reids challenge while still defending the core parts of Lockes theory. Parfits overlapping memory theory allows for the CEO and the little girl to be the same person, which covers the transitivity property. It allows x to be the same person as z. It also still allows for sameness of consciousness or memory theory to be the necessary criterion of personal identity. It fulfills the sufficient condition of the criterion: if I remember eating a triple chocolate fudge bar, then I must have been the one that really ate the triple chocolate fudge bar, and fulfills the necessary condition of the criterion: If I dont remember eating a triple chocolate fudge bar, as long as I remember buying the chocolate fudge bar to eat than I am the same person who later ate the triple fudge chocolate bar because I have overlapping chains of memory that allow me to be the same person. The necessary condition is fulfilled because it shows that through the overlappin g chains of memory I may not remember everything but as long as I remember enough to continue the chain of memories, I will be the same person. Although this solution is a sound response to Reids challenge, it does not give a specific conclusion for what the criterion of identity truly is. It states that instead of the criterion being one specific definition, it is more like a group of experience, memories and thoughts that make us the same person at time one and time two. However, Parfits argument is a sound response to Reids challenge and therefore does successfully transform Lockes view so that it will meet the transitivity property as well as the necessary condition of consciousness. Overall, Lockes view on personal identity is just one of many and there will be many more to come on this complicated and deep topic.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

feminaw Suicide as the Only Alternative for Edna Pontellier in The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Suicide as the Only Alternative in The Awakening   Ã‚   In Kate Chopin's The Awakening, the principal character, Edna decides to kill herself rather than to live a lie. It seemed to Kate that the time of her own death was the only thing remaining under her control since society had already decided the rest of her life for her.   Edna was a woman of the wrong times; she wanted her independence and she wanted to be with her lover, Robert.   This type of behavior would never be accepted by the society of her time.   Edna's relationship with Robert, and her rejection of the role dictated to her by society, resulted in her perceiving suicide to be the only solution to her problems.    Critics of Kate Chopin's The Awakening tend to read the novel as the dramatization of a woman's struggle to achieve selfhood--a struggle doomed failure either because the patriarchal conventions of her society restrict freedom, or because the ideal of selfhood that she pursue is a masculine defined one that allows for none of the physical and undeniable claims which maternity makes upon women. Ultimately. in both views, Edna Pontellier ends her life because she cannot have it both ways: given her time, place, and notion of self, she cannot be a mother and have a self. (Simons)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edna Pontellier could not have what she wanted.   There are many arguments about Edna being selfish for ending her life and leaving her children behind.   "Edna does indeed dread 'being reduced to her biological function, 'but this is what the Creole culture does to women , as Priscilla Leder suggests" (Simons).  Ã‚   She could not offer the love that children deserve from a parent.   I do not feel that she was selfish, she did not love her children the way a mother-woman would.   A mother-woman is someone who puts her children before anything else in her life.   Edna is not one of those "mother-women" who "esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels"; she is, rather a twenty-eight-year-old woman who hears 'the voice of the sea,' which seduces 'the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in inward contemplation'." (Toth)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edna needed to be in control of her life.   As long as she was married and a mother she would never have total control.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Respect in A Rose for Emily :: A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner

Respect in A Rose for Emily Miss Emily Grierson is nobody's best friend. Neither is she the enemy of any man or woman. Life has dealt her circumstances that anyone would falter underneath. Her personality suffers traumatically, but no one can hold that against her. Though not a very pleasant character, Miss Emily does have the support of the townspeople in the text of Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emily." However, in the video version these same townspeople are portrayed as snoops and critics with no kind intentions seen. Miss Emily was not a social person after her father died, but the townspeople understood this. The townspeople understood "that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her as people will"(31). They did not hold it against her that she had trouble handling this situation. Emily is given the "respectful affection [of] a fallen monument"(28). Each tried in his/her own way to reach out to her. The authorities came to her house, the minister dropped by, and "a few of the ladies had the temerity to call"(30). Miss Emily continued on with life even going so far as to give "china-painting" lessons. The women of the town quite willingly send their daughters and granddaughters to learn from her. At one point in the story, a strong stench coming from Emily's house prompts a few disrespectful comments. Yet in spite of this, the text records that the "people began to feel sorry for her"(30). They are not brutes; inside themselves the townspeople have sympathy for this lady. The townspeople seemed curious about the happenings within her house, but they are not outright mean or obtrusive. After Homer Barron comes into the picture, the town is "glad that Miss Emily would have an interest"(31). Even in the final moments of her life the "whole town went to [Emily's] funeral"(28). They also have the decency to "wait until Miss Emily was in the ground before they opened [the region above the stairs no one had seen in forty years]"(34). The text of this story portrays these